Breeding Strawberry Plants Resistant to Angular Leafspot Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The bacterium Xanthomonas fragariae causes the economically important angular leafspot disease to which a high level of resistance has not been found within the cultivated strawberry Fragaria × ananassa. The 2002 introduction of resistance donors ‘US 4808’ and ‘US 4809’ by the Fruit Laboratory at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Centre provided sources of resistance at the octoploid level derived from F. virginiana. Moving this resistance through three generations of back crossing to different recurrent F. × ananassa parents along with screening progeny for resistance with a spray inoculation method, followed by selection based on horticultural traits, has created improved resistant genotypes. Resistant × susceptible crosses have produced from zero to 21% resistant progeny with a mean of 4.8% for 25 crosses. The presence of undesirable traits, such as small and soft fruit, variegation, pistillate flowers, and susceptibility to powdery mildew, has slowed progress, but this linkage drag can be overcome by increasing screened population size and additional backcross generations. Two resistant × resistant crosses were made in 2009, yielding 32.2 and 32.7% resistant seedlings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".