BONE MINERAL RESPONSE TO LOADING EXERCISE IS RELATED TO MATURITY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several retrospective studies propose a pediatric “window of opportunity” when loading elicits an optimal osteogenic response. To test this hypothesis prospectively, we conducted an 8-month, randomized, controlled, school-based high impact intervention study in 174 pre-and early pubertal girls. Maturity was assessed by Tanner breast staging. Tanner 1 (at baseline) girls were rated as prepubertal (Pre; n = 43 Intervention (I), n = 25 Control (C)) while Tanner 2 and 3 girls were classified as early pubertal (Early; n = 43 I, n = 63 C). Mean (SD) age was 10(0.6) and 10.5(0.6) years for the Pre and Early girls, respectively. Girls attending intervention schools undertook a 10-minute, high impact, progressive circuit program 3 times per week. We measured total body (TB) bone mineral content and area density (aBMD), and aBMD at the total proximal femur (PF), femoral neck (FN) and trochanteric (TR) subregions (Hologic QDR 4500). Other measures were height, weight (standard techniques); lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM) (DXA); general physical activity and calcium intake (validated questionnaires). There were no differences in anthropometric or lifestyle variables between I and C within Pre and Early groups at baseline. Similar changes in height, weight, LM, and FM were observed for I and C within maturity groups over 8 months. We used ANCOVA to compare change in bone mineral from baseline and controlled for baseline bone and weight values, change in height and weight, and Tanner Stage (for Early only). The increase in TB BMC/aBMD, and PF, FN and TR aBMD were similar between Pre-I and Pre-C, and between Early-I and Early-C. However, FN aBMD increased more in the Early-I as compared to the Early-C (6.4 vs. 5.2%, p < 0.03). Thus, early as compared to pre-puberty may be an effective “window of opportunity” for femoral neck bone mineral to respond favourably to loading in growing girls.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".