A comparative study of polystyrene decomposition in supercritical water and air environments using diamond anvil cell
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Polystyrene (PS) decomposition in supercritical water (SCW) and in air was studied with the diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique coupled with microscopy and FTIR. Apparent concentrations were calculated by using digital imaging analysis. When PS + water systems (11.8–22.6 wt % PS) were rapidly heated at a rate of 2.3°C/s, the PS particle melted at 279.8–320.2°C. After formation of a globule at 409.3–452.5°C, the globule started to dissolve in color to yellow at 496.1°C. At 570.3°C and 742.5 MPa, solubility reached the maximum of 91.5 wt % (11.8 wt % PS). The soluble material was a styrenelike liquid, which was identified by IR after cooling. In isothermal runs at 400 and 450°C, two heterogeneous liquid phases consisting of water and decomposed PS were found. Styrenelike liquid products were identified after the reactions. PS decomposition stages in air consisted of melting, gas generation, liquid ring configuration, and finally yellow volatile products formation at 583.2°C. The results show conclusively that PS can be dissolved in SCW above 496.1°C and homogenous reaction is likely to occur above 570.3°C. Reactions in SCW at 400 and 450°C take place in heterogeneous liquid phases, while in the PS + air system, a formed liquid ring undergoes depolymerization. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 3565–3577, 2001
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".