Evaluating systemic lupus erythematosus patients for lung involvement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We set out to determine the frequency of respiratory symptoms, abnormal lung function, and shrinking lung syndrome (SLS) among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine correlates of SLS. METHODS: Consecutive adult patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE were enrolled. Demographics, clinical, and serologic characteristics were recorded; all patients underwent pulmonary function tests (PFT) and had either a chest X-ray or computed tomography scan. SLS was defined as dyspnea with restrictive lung physiology (defined as a forced vital capacity (FVC) <80% predicted in the absence of obstruction) who did not have any evidence of interstitial lung disease on chest imaging; controls were symptomatic patients with no restrictive physiology and the absence of interstitial changes on chest imaging. RESULTS: Sixty-nine out of 110 (63%) patients had respiratory symptoms, 73 (66%) patients had abnormal lung function, and 11 (10%) patients met the definition for SLS. In a multivariate model controlling for disease duration, a history of pleuritis, modified American College of Rheumatology total score, seropositivity for dsDNA and RNP antibodies, increased disease duration (odds ratio (OR) = 1.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.0-1.3, p = 0.04), seropositivity for anti-RNP (OR = 24.4; 95% CI of 1.6-384.0, p = 0.02), and a history of serositis were significantly associated with SLS when compared with symptomatic controls. CONCLUSION: Respiratory symptoms, abnormal lung function, and SLS are common in SLE. Clinicians should consider evaluation for SLS among symptomatic patients with long-standing disease and a history of pleuritis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".