Local Mass Transfer in a Packed Bed: Experiments and Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid-to-packing local mass-transfer coefficients (LMTC) were measured in a 0.3 m diameter column with a bed height of 5.5 times the column diameter using the limiting-current technique. Several electrodes were placed at various radial and axial positions (packing heights) in the bed. Measurements were conducted at various liquid flow rates with two different liquid distributor designs: multipoint (MPLD) and single-point (SPLD) distributors. For shallow beds, mass-transfer variation with radial location and liquid flow rate using MPLD was less than that for SPLD. However, for larger bed depths, the local mass-transfer coefficient became less dependent on liquid flow rate with both liquid distributors. A mathematical model for the LMTC in a packed bed was also developed, taking into account the axial and radial positions in the bed. The model predicts the LMTC well with the root-mean-square errors (RMS) of predicted and measured values of 0.07 and 0.08 for the multipoint and single-point liquid distributors, respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".