The N1 Domain of Human Lactoferrin Is Required for Internalization by Caco-2 Cells and Targeting to the Nucleus
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human lactoferrin (hLf) has been shown to interact with cells from the Caco-2 human small intestinal cell line. There currently is little information about the molecular details of its interaction. As a first step toward detailed characterization of this interaction, we used a series of Lf chimeras to analyze which part of Lf is responsible for the interaction with Caco-2 cells. Recombinant chimeric proteins consisting of segments of hLf and bovine transferrin (bTf) were produced in a baculovirus-insect cell system and purified by a combination of cation exchange chromatography and immobilized bTf antibody affinity chromatography. Each chimera was labeled with a green fluorescent dye to monitor its interaction with Caco-2 cells. Similarly, the intestinal Lf receptor (LfR), also known as intelectin, was probed with an anti-LfR antibody that was detected with a secondary antibody conjugated with a red-color fluorescent dye. The results demonstrated that chimeric proteins containing the N-lobe or the N1.1 subdomain of Lf bound as well as intact Lf to Caco-2 cells. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that these proteins, along with the LfR, were internalized and targeted to the nucleus. These results indicate that the N1.1 subdomain of hLf is sufficient for binding, internalization, and targeting to the nucleus of Caco-2 cells.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it