Quantifying CO2 pore-space saturation at the Pembina Cardium CO2 Monitoring Pilot (Alberta, Canada) using oxygen isotopes of reservoir fluids and gases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geochemical and isotopic monitoring allows determination of CO 2 presence in the subsurface through the sampling of produced fluids and gases at production and/or monitoring wells. This is demonstrated by data from 22 months of monitoring at the Pembina Cardium CO 2 Monitoring Pilot in central Alberta, Canada. Eight wells centered around two CO 2 injectors were sampled monthly between February 2005 and February 2007. Stable isotope analyses of the samples revealed that changes in the δ 13 C CO 2 values in produced gas as well as changes in the δ 18 O values of the produced fluids indicate CO 2 presence and identify trapping mechanisms at select production wells. Using equilibrium isotope exchange relationships and CO 2 solubility calculations, fluid and gas saturations in the pore space in excess of that occupied by oil were calculated. We demonstrate that stable isotope measurements on produced fluids and gases at the Pembina Cardium CO 2 storage site can be used to determine both qualitatively and quantitatively the presence of CO 2 around the observation well, given that the injected CO 2 is isotopically distinct.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".