Effect of St. John's Wort Standardized Extract and Hypericin on <i>In Vitro</i> Placental Calcium Transport
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hypericum perforatum L., known as St. John's wort (SJW), is widely used in human therapeutics for wound healing and to treat depression; however, its recommendation during pregnancy is controversial. Hypericin, a polycyclic quinone isolated from this plant, has been studied and used to standardize the plant extracts. The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of SJW and hypericin on in vitro placental Ca(2+) transport. Cell viability, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) production, Ca(2+) uptake, and Ca(2+) transport proteins expression analysis were conducted using the JEG-3 cell line. Toxicity of SJW was seen at high concentrations (>or=150 microg/mL), but no effect on hCG production was observed using SJW (25 microg/mL) or hypericin (7.5 and 75 ng/mL). The results showed that cells treated with both SJW and hypericin exhibited increased intracellular Ca(2+) concentration after long-term (24-hour) but not short-term (10-minute) period incubation. A significant decrease in translationally controlled tumor protein Ca(2+) handling protein was seen only with SJW-treated cells. Hypericin increased the protein expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 Ca(2+) channel and 28-kDa calcium-binding protein and decreased that of plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase 1/4. In conclusion, SJW and hypericin can increase the trophoblast internal Ca(2+) concentration through regulating the protein expression of the Ca(2+) transport system, and their intake during pregnancy is still a point of concern.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".