S-Phase and M-Phase Timing Are under Independent Circadian Control in the Dinoflagellate <i>Lingulodinium</i>
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In many phytoplankton species, cell division (mitosis) usually occurs at defined times of day. This timing is also observed under constant conditions, indicating that it is regulated by a circadian clock rather than by a simple response to the light-dark cycle. For those algae with cell cycles longer than a day, the clock opens a window of opportunity for mitosis at a particular time of day through which cells in an appropriate phase of the cell cycle can pass. Although the timing of mitosis is generally studied due to ease of measurement, for some phytoplankton the timing of S-phase is also circadian. This thus raises the possibility that mitosis is not directly gated by the clock but occurs instead at a defined interval (a constant G2 length) following a circadian controlled S-phase. To determine if the clock exercises independent control over the timing of both S- and M-phase, we measured the timing of both S- and M-phase in cultures of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium grown under a variety of different photoperiods. We interpret the phase angles of both rhythms, in particular those resulting in a change in the length of G2, as an indication that the clock independently regulates the timing of S-phase and mitosis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it