X-ray and radio observations of the γ Cygni supernova remnant G78.2+2.1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We analyse ROSAT and Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) X-ray observations and H i absorption spectra of the γ Cygni supernova remnant (G78.2+2.1, DR4). The ROSAT All-Sky Survey image shows that G78.2+2.1 has an adjacent limb-brightened shell north of it. A new ROSAT mosaic shows details of the X-ray emission over the entire face of G78.2+2.1. We also create Chandra mosaics that cover much of the northern rim and central regions of G78.2+2.1. The H i absorption spectra result in the association of G78.2+2.1 with the γ Cygni nebula, with a distance of 1.7–2.6 kpc. The Chandra spectra for G78.2+2.1 give an X-ray temperature of 0.6–1.2 keV (90 per cent error), and they show that a Sedov model has an age of 6800–10 000 yr. A compact power-law X-ray source in G78.2+2.1 is consistent with the same distance as G78.2+2.1. The northern X-ray shell is identified with a B3 star at a distance of 980 pc and it is proposed that this is a stellar wind bubble.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".