Trade Disputes, Dispute Settlement Mechanisms, and Local Development
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractDispute settlement mechanisms (DSMs), and the institutional architecture of free trade agreements, have been neglected in economic geography's contemplations of international trade or globalization. This article highlights the role of DSMs in free trade agreements, especially in relation to the World Trade Organization (WTO), and draws out some implications for local development. The study reviews literatures that have addressed the mandate and rationale of the WTO's formal and legalistic DSM, paying especial attention to the realist perspective on international trade, the issue of fairness, and implications of asymmetric power relations for local development. Economic geographers need to incorporate free trade institutional architectures in contemplations of local development.争端解决机制 (DSMs) 以及自由贸易协定的制度设计, 在经济地理学对国际贸易或全球化的研究中受到忽略。本文凸显 DSMs 在自由贸易协定中所扮演的角色, 特别是关于世界贸易组织 (WTO) 方面, 并为地方发展发掘一些意涵。本研究回顾处理 WTO 正式与法律面争端解决机制的授权与基础原理, 并特别关注国际贸易的实在论视角、公平议题, 以及不对等权力关係之于地方发展的意涵。经济地理必须将自由贸易制度设计纳入对地方发展的思考。Los mecanismos para la solución de conflictos (DSMs) y el andamiaje institucional de los tratados de libre comercio no han sido objeto de atención en los estudios de la geografía económica sobre comercio internacional o globalización. Este artículo destaca el papel de los DSMs en los tratados de libre comercio, especialmente en lo que tiene que ver con la Organización Mundial del Comercio (WTO), y deriva algunas implicaciones pertinentes al desarrollo local. El estudio reseña las literaturas que han abocado el mandato y la racionalidad de lo formal en la WTO y en el legalista DSM, otorgando atención especial a la perspectiva realista del comercio internacional, la cuestión de la equidad y las implicaciones que tienen las relaciones asimétricas de poder para el desarrollo local. Los geógrafos economistas deben incorporar las arquitecturas institucionales del libre comercio en sus consideraciones sobre el desarrollo local.Key Words:: dispute settlementfree tradelocal developmenttrade disputesWTO关键词:: 争端解决自由贸易地方发展贸易争端世界贸易组织Palabras clave:: solución de conflictoslibre comerciodesarrollo localconflictos de comercioWTO Notes* The authors received welcome advice from Manuel Elsig and Jerry Patchell and appreciated the constructive comments of three referees and editor. The financial assistance of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Canada (Grant No. 410–2008–2605) is also acknowledged.Additional informationNotes on contributorsRoger HayterROGER HAYTER is a Professor in the Department of Geography at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. E-mail: hayter@sfu.ca. His research interests are centered around theories of economic evolution and restructuring, the nature of resource peripheries, industrial location dynamics, and British Columbia's forest economy.Klaus EdenhofferKLAUS EDENHOFFER is a researcher associated with the Department of Geography at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. E-mail: kedenhof@sfu.ca. His research interests include industrial restructuring and the evolutionary change of industries and economies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it