Summer convection and lightning over the Mackenzie river basin and their Impacts during 1994 and 1995
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Lightning activity over the Mackenzie basin has been examined for the summers of 1994 and 1995. In recent years, the lightning network operating in the Northwest Territories has detected an average of 118 K strikes per season. Positive lightning strikes (defined as lightning discharges lowering positive charge to the earth) typically comprise 12% of the total. The lightning activity during 1994 was approximately 20% below normal, while in 1995, it was 53% below normal. However, the fraction of positive lightning strikes was 25.6% during 1995. The lightning was linked to synoptic conditions favouring severe storm development, especially those tied to the diurnal cycle. As a consequence of the lightning, as well as the very dry surface conditions, record forest areas were burned. In the Northwest Territories alone, forest fires burned 3 Mha in 1994 and 2.8 Mha in 1995. Résumé [Traduit par la rédaction] L'activité de foudroiement au‐dessus du bassin du Mackenzie a été étudiée pour les étés 1994 et 1995. Au cours des dernières années, le réseau de détection de la foudre en exploitation dans les Territoires du Nord‐Ouest a détecté en moyenne 118 K foudroiements par saison. Les foudroiements positives (définis comme des décharges électriques qui abaissent la charge positive au sol) contribuent normalement à 12% du total. L'activité de foudroiement en 1994 a été d'environ 20% inférieure à la normale, tandis qu'en 1995, elle a été de 53% inférieure à la normale. Toutefois, en 1995, le pourcentage de foudroiements positifs a été de 25,6%. La foudre avait un lien avec les conditions synoptiques qui favorisaient le développement de tempêtes violentes, principalement celles associées au cycle diurne. Par suite du foudroiement ainsi que des conditions très arides à la surface, des superficies forestières record furent brûlées. Dans les seuls Territoires du Nord‐Ouest, les feux de forêt ont brûlé 3 Mha en 1994 et 2,8 Mha en 1995. Notes Corresponding author's e‐mail: bob.kochtubajda@ec.gc.ca
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it