Effect of NaCl, MgCl<sub>2</sub>, FeCl<sub>2</sub>, FeCl<sub>3</sub>, and AlCl<sub>3</sub> on Solubility of CaSO<sub>4</sub> Phases in Aqueous HCl or HCl + CaCl<sub>2</sub> Solutions at 298 to 353 K
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of various chloride salts (NaCl, MgCl 2, FeCl 2, FeCl 3, and AlCl 3 ) on the solubility of three CaSO 4 modifications, namely, calcium sulfate dihydrate, hemihydrate, and anhydrite in aqueous HCl or HCl + CaCl 2 solutions up to 353 K was investigated. The concentration ranges (at ambient temperature) studied are up to 6 mol·dm -3 for HCl; 1.5 mol·dm -3 for CaCl 2; 3 mol·dm -3 for NaCl, MgCl 2, and FeCl 2; and 2 mol·dm -3 for AlCl 3 and FeCl 3 . The solubility of CaSO 4 phases in all cases investigated was found to increase with temperature. In 0.5 mol·dm -3 HCl, the effect of metal chlorides on the solubility of dihydrate was a complex one with solubility increasing up to a certain metal chloride concentration and then decreasing in higher range of metal chloride concentration. On the other hand at higher HCl concentration (3 mol·dm -3 ), the solubility of dihydrate and anhydrite was found to consistently decrease with increasing metal chloride concentration. The only exception was NaCl, which was found not to influence to a significant degree the solubility of dihydrate in HCl solutions. The solubility of dihydrate in pure AlCl 3 solution smoothly passes through a maximum value in the (0 to 1.5) mol·dm -3 AlCl 3 concentration range. The presence of CaCl 2 causes the solubility of both dihydrate and hemihydrate to decrease due to common ion effect.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it