Seismic Performance Assessment of Partially Grouted, Nominally Reinforced Concrete-Masonry Structural Walls Using Shake Table Testing
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental program has been carried out to study the performance of partially grouted, nominally reinforced (PG-NR) concrete block structural walls under in-plane seismic loading on a shake table. Five reduced-scale structural walls were constructed and tested under scaled versions of the 1940 El Centro, California earthquake, using its N-S component record with a constant axial compression load that represented a single-story building. The test walls were grouped into three categories. Type I and III walls had reinforcement at the wall end cells only, with vertical reinforcement ratios of 0.07 and 0.12%, respectively, based on the gross cross-sectional area of the walls. Type II walls were similar to Type I walls, but with an additional reinforcement bar located midlength of the wall with a vertical reinforcement ratio of 0.10%, also based on the gross cross-sectional area of the wall. The experimental results were documented and discussed with respect to wall lateral load capacity, stiffness degradation, period shift, displacement ductility levels attained, and relevant seismic-force reduction factors. The test results showed that PG-NR masonry walls can comprise a ductile seismic force-resisting system. Subsequently, PG-NR masonry walls have the potential to bridge the gap between unreinforced and reinforced masonry systems. The use of PG-NR masonry also results in a reduced cost compared with traditional reinforced masonry systems used in seismic zones that are typically fully grouted within the plastic hinge zones and require higher reinforcement ratios.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it