Levels of antibodies against cytomegalovirus and <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> are increased in early onset pre‐eclampsia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The origins of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia lie in a mismatch between feto-placental demands and utero-placental supply, a situation that also arises in normotensive intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Could reactivated chronic infection be both a trigger for these differential maternal responses to the same underlying pathology and a link between pre-eclampsia and its attendant lifelong risks of atherosclerosis? DESIGN: Nested case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary obstetric centre. POPULATION: Cases of pre-eclampsia, normotensive IUGR and controls. METHODS: A nested case-control study of serum from a population-based bank was performed. Seroprevalence and levels of anti-cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Chlamydophila pneumoniae immunoglobulin G (IgG) were compared (non-parametrically) between women with early onset pre-eclampsia (<34 weeks of gestation, n = 9), late onset pre-eclampsia (> or =34 + 0 weeks of gestation, n = 29), normotensive IUGR (birthweight less than third centile, n = 33) and matched normal pregnancy (n = 113, up to 2 per case). RESULTS: There was a significant difference in both anti-CMV and Chl. pneumoniae antibodies between groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 0.05). Women with early onset pre-eclampsia had higher anti-CMV levels (median: 79, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 47, 164) than women with late onset pre-eclampsia (26 [95% CI = 22, 82], P < 0.05), normotensive IUGR (40 [95% CI = 31, 72], P < 0.05) and normal pregnancy (49 [95% CI = 45, 70], P < 0.05). Women with normotensive IUGR had significantly lower anti-Chl. pneumoniae antibodies (0.10 [95% CI = 0.08, 0.38]) than did normal pregnancy controls (0.21 [95% CI = 0.20, 0.28], P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The anti-CMV and anti-Chl. pneumoniae antibodies were higher in early onset pre-eclampsia than in late onset pre-eclampsia, normotensive IUGR and normal pregnancy. This may provide a pathophysiological link between pre-eclampsia and the known increased risk for subsequent atherosclerosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".