Numerical Calculations of Heat Conduction Between Soot Aggregates and the Surrounding Gas in the Free-Molecular Regime Using the DSMC Method
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Numerical calculations were conducted to calculate the heat conduction rate between soot (carbon) aggregates of different sizes and the surrounding gas in the free-molecular regime using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method. This method is based on simulation of the trajectories of individual molecules and calculation of the heat transfer at each of the molecule/molecule collisions and the molecule/particle collisions. Soot aggregates of known fractal dimension and pre-factor are first numerically generated using a cluster-cluster aggregation algorithm. Effect of incomplete thermal accommodation was accounted for by employing the Maxwell gas-surface interaction model. Gas collisions were treated using the simple hard sphere model. Numerical results were obtained for aggregate sizes between 10 and 228 primary particles and the thermal accommodation coefficient between 0.1 and 1. A simple scaling for the heat transfer equivalent sphere diameter was also presented for incorporation into a laser-induced incandescence model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".