<i>TAS2R38 </i>Genotypes and Phenylthiocarbamide Bitter Taste Perception in a Population of Young Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<i>Background/Aims:</i><i>TAS2R38</i> belongs to the TAS2R bitter taste receptor gene family and polymorphisms are associated with differences in bitter taste perception of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and 6-<i>n-</i>propylthiouracil (PROP). The objectives were to test whether the genotype-phenotype relationship varies between ethnocultural groups and whether a filter paper method can predict <i>TAS2R38</i> genotype. <i>Methods:</i> Subjects (n = 911) aged 20–29 rated the intensity of a PTC-containing filter paper on a scale of 1–9, from ‘not at all bitter’ to ‘extremely bitter’. The <i>TAS2R38 A49P</i> polymorphism was detected by real-time PCR. <i>Results:</i> The overall frequency of the 49<i>A</i> variant was 0.47 and the <i>AA, AP, </i>and <i>PP </i>genotype distribution was 0.24, 0.45 and 0.31, respectively. Those with <i>AA</i>, <i>AP</i>, or <i>PP</i> genotypes had mean bitterness rating scores of 2.3, 4.9, and 5.9, respectively. The <i>49A</i> variant frequency was significantly lower among Asians (28%) as compared to Caucasians (55%), South Asians (60%) or others (56%) (p < 0.0001). The genotype-phenotype relationship was similar across ethnocultural groups, however, a stronger genotype-phenotype association was observed among women as compared to men. <i>Conclusion:</i> Our findings show that a simple PTC filter paper tasting method strongly predicts <i>TAS2R38</i> genotype, and that the genotype-phenotype association is similar among ethnocultural groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".