A Comparative Analysis of Lymphatic Vessel Density in Ovarian Serous Tumors of Low Malignant Potential (Borderline Tumors) With and Without Lymph Node Involvement
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lymph node involvement is seen in approximately one quarter of women with surgically staged ovarian serous tumors of low malignant potential (serous borderline tumors), and this finding apparently does not adversely impact their overall survival. To help illuminate some of the pathomechanisms underlying this novel phenomenon, in which a largely noninvasive epithelial neoplasm is able to exit its primary site and be transported to lymph nodes with such a substantial frequency, we investigated whether significant differences in lymphatic vessel density exist between ovarian serous borderline tumors that show lymph node involvement and those that do not. The lymphatic vessel density of 13 conventional ovarian serous borderline tumors (i.e. tumors without stromal microinvasion, micropapillary/cribriform areas, or invasive implants) with at least 1 positive lymph node (study group) was compared with the lymphatic vessel density of an age- and disease extent-matched control group of 13 similarly selected lymph node-negative ovarian serous borderline tumors. Lymphatic vessel density was determined by counting the total number of vascular spaces immunohistochemically stained by the lymphatic endothelium marker D2-40 in 5 consecutive microscopic fields (x20 objective, field area of 1 microscopic field, 0.95 mm) in the most vessel-dense areas and calculating the average value per microscopic field. The peritumoral lymphatic vessel density was significantly higher than the intratumoral lymphatic vessel density in both groups. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the study and control groups regarding intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (8.0 vs. 7.61; P=0.77), peritumoral lymphatic vessel density (20.33 vs. 21.0; P=0.79), or combined, that is, peritumoral plus intratumoral lymphatic vessel density (27.81 vs. 28.62; P=0.83). Our findings, in conjunction with others in the medical literature, do not support a role for tumor lymphatics in nodal metastasis in this neoplasm. We discuss the possibility that nodal deposits may represent metastatic disease from secondary tumor implants.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it