Evolution of Artificial Cells Using Nanobiotechnology of Hemoglobin Based RBC Blood Substitute as an Example
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The original artificial red blood cells have evolved into oxygen carriers in the form of polyhemoglobin and conjugated hemoglobin. Clinical conditions requiring only oxygen carriers are responding well to these types of oxygen carriers without the need for a complete artificial red blood cell. For those conditions requiring more than just oxygen carriers, new generations of polyhemoglobin containing antioxidant enzymes are being developed. Though a complete artificial red blood cell comparable to red blood cell is still a dream, development in lipid membrane artificial red blood cells and biodegradable polymeric nano artificial red blood cells are steps towards this possibility. The many years of neglect on basic research in the area of blood substitutes have resulted in the lack of important basic knowledge needed for the rapid development of blood substitutes suitable for clinical use. This is further hampered by the mistaken conception that blood substitute is a single entity. We need to look at blood substitutes as consisting of progressively more complicated entities, e.g. oxygen carriers, oxygen carriers with antioxidant activity, and complete red blood cell substitutes. Each of these entities is not applicable to all clinical conditions, but is suitable for specific applications.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it