L-series X-ray yields of kaonic 3He and 4He atoms in gaseous targets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The SIDDHARTA experiment measured X-rays from kaonic helium atoms using, for the first time, gaseous 3He and 4He targets. Clear patterns of the L-series X-rays of kaonic 3He and 4He atoms were observed. By using accurate Monte Carlo simulations, the absolute yields of these X-ray transitions were determined to be Y(3d → 2p) = 25.0 −5.8 +6.7 % for 3He (0.96 g/l), Y(3d → 2p) = 23.1 −4.2 +6.0 % for 4He (1.65 g/l), and Y(3d → 2p) = 17.2 −9.5 +2.6 % for 4He (2.15g/l). In addition, the yields Y (nd → 2p), with n > 3 were also determined. The measured yields provide valuable information for understanding the cascade processes of kaonic helium atoms as a function of the target density.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".