CaS Oxidation by Reaction with CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Calcium sulfide is an undesirable product from both FBC and topping cycle gasifiers. Unfortunately, its direct oxidation in a FBC environment is made difficult due to the fact that unreacted CaS is protected from further reaction with O 2 by formation of a CaSO 4 shell. In previous work it was often implied that oxidation of CaS occurred solely by reaction with O 2 . However, this study shows that CO 2 can be an effective oxidant for CaS at temperatures above 600 °C. Furthermore, it appears that the principal gas-phase products are SO 2 and CO, and direct attempts to measure COS using mass spectrometry suggest that its formation is negligible. Somewhat surprisingly, SO 2 /CO molar ratios are in the range of 0.4 to 0.5, which is problematic, if the dominant reaction is CaS + 3CO 2 CaO + 3CO + SO 2, unless CO 2 is reacting to form elemental carbon, which appears unlikely, or side reactions occur, leading to a variety of gaseous products. These results also suggest that CO itself has no significant part in the oxidation process at least up to 850 °C or more. Reaction with H 2 O also begins above 600 °C, but it is a much less effective oxidant, and experiments with CO 2 /H 2 O further support the idea that CO 2 is the more important oxidant and might be used to destroy CaS from topping cycle gasifiers.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it