Retinal and cortical functions in adult mice lacking cannabinoid receptors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Purpose Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) has been localized in the adult retina of rodents. It is expressed in cones, horizontal, bipolar, some amacrine and ganglion cells. The expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) mRNA in the retina of adult rats was also reported. The goal of the present study was to investigate the functional roles of CB1R and CB2R in the retina by comparing retinal electrophysiological responses and cortical optical signals in normal and genetically modified mice. Methods Experiments were conducted on four different groups of C57BL/6 mice: CB1R wild type (WT), CB1R knockout (KO), CB2R WT and KO. Scotopic electroretinograms (ERG) luminance‐response functions and photopic ERGs were recorded. In a subset of CB1 groups, intrinsic signals acquired by optical brain imaging were used to determine spatial frequency, contrast sensitivity and retinotopic maps in the visual cortex. Results The CB1R KO retina showed a stronger photopic response. No differences were observed for scotopic responses. For the CB2R groups, the scotopic b‐wave response was stronger in the KO mice. No differences could be seen between visual cortices maps with respect to SF and contrast sensitivity. Retinotopic maps differed only along the azimuth. Significant differences were observed between hemodynamic response functions. Conclusion These results indicate that CB receptors can play a regulatory effect on the neurovascular coupling at the retinal and cortical levels and on the functional organization of the mice visual cortex along the azimuth Axis.(NSERC)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".