<i>Clostridium botulinum</i> type A toxin for the treatment of upper face animation lines: an Iranian experience
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment of vertical glabellar frown lines, frontal lines and crow's feet by means of direct injection of Dysport (Clostridium botulinum type A toxin - hemagglutinin complex) in Iranian patients. Dysport is one of the commercially available type A subtypes (Ipsen Ltd, Maidenhead Berkshire, UK). It is the one used most often in Iran. Botox, the other form of commercially available botulinum type A toxin, is used most often in the United States and Canada. Dysport is two to four times less effective, in similar unit doses, than Botox, which is why it is manufactured in larger vials (500-U vials for Dysport vs. 100-U vials for Botox). The authors have been using botulinum toxin type A in their practice for cosmetic purposes since 1995. An experience of over 1295 injections to the upper face animation (dynamic) lines in 108 patients is presented. This study included 108 patients and 208 injection sessions. We used Dysport containing 500 U toxin. Toxin was diluted with 2.5 mL of sterile normal saline and yielded 20 U for each 0.1 mL. A dose of 76 to 90 U was injected into each muscle. There were 95 women and 13 men in this study, ranging in age from 20 to 79 years. Doses ranged from 10 to 20 mL per injection, varying according to the severity of wrinkles, intensity of muscle contraction, and the mass of the muscle. The more bulky or greater intensity of muscle contraction, the higher the dose required to obtain good results. Therefore, the more bulky corrugator or frontalis muscle requires more than the thinner orbicularis. Dysport seemed to be a safe and effective alternative to Botox, giving good to excellent cosmetic results lasting at least 4 months in the majority of the patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".