Interaction of Microtubule-associated Protein-2 and p63

Neurons are polarized cells presenting two distinct compartments, dendrites and an axon. Dendrites can be distinguished from the axon by the presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The mechanism by which the structure and distribution of the RER is maintained in these cells is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of the dendritic microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) in the RER membrane positioning by comparing their distribution in brain subcellular fractions and in primary hippocampal cells and by examining the MAP2-microtubule interaction with RER membranes in vitro. Subcellular fractionation of rat brain revealed a high MAP2 content in a subfraction enriched with the endoplasmic reticulum markers ribophorin and p63. Electron microscope morphometry confirmed the enrichment of this subfraction with RER membranes. In cultured hippocampal neurons, MAP2 and p63 were found to concomitantly compartmentalize to the dendritic processes during neuronal differentiation. Protein blot overlays using purified MAP2c protein revealed its interaction with p63, and immunoprecipitation experiments performed in HeLa cells showed that this interaction involves the projection domain of MAP2. In an in vitro reconstitution assay, MAP2-containing microtubules were observed to bind to RER membranes in contrast to microtubules containing tau, the axonal MAP. This binding of MAP2c microtubules was reduced when an anti-p63 antibody was added to the assay. The present results suggest that MAP2 is involved in the association of RER membranes with microtubules and thereby could participate in the differential distribution of RER membranes within a neuron. Neurons are polarized cells presenting two distinct compartments, dendrites and an axon. Dendrites can be distinguished from the axon by the presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The mechanism by which the structure and distribution of the RER is maintained in these cells is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of the dendritic microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) in the RER membrane positioning by comparing their distribution in brain subcellular fractions and in primary hippocampal cells and by examining the MAP2-microtubule interaction with RER membranes in vitro. Subcellular fractionation of rat brain revealed a high MAP2 content in a subfraction enriched with the endoplasmic reticulum markers ribophorin and p63. Electron microscope morphometry confirmed the enrichment of this subfraction with RER membranes. In cultured hippocampal neurons, MAP2 and p63 were found to concomitantly compartmentalize to the dendritic processes during neuronal differentiation. Protein blot overlays using purified MAP2c protein revealed its interaction with p63, and immunoprecipitation experiments performed in HeLa cells showed that this interaction involves the projection domain of MAP2. In an in vitro reconstitution assay, MAP2-containing microtubules were observed to bind to RER membranes in contrast to microtubules containing tau, the axonal MAP. This binding of MAP2c microtubules was reduced when an anti-p63 antibody was added to the assay. The present results suggest that MAP2 is involved in the association of RER membranes with microtubules and thereby could participate in the differential distribution of RER membranes within a neuron. Neurons are polarized cells that present two distinct compartments, dendrites and an axon. These compartments can be distinguished by their morphology; dendrites are multiple and taper, whereas the axon is unique and its diameter is uniform (1Bartlett W.P. Banker G.A. J. Neurosci. 1984; 4: 1954-1965Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 2Bartlett W.P. Banker G.A. J. Neurosci. 1984; 4: 1944-1953Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 3Dotti C.G. Sullivan C.A. Banker G.A. J. Neurosci. 1988; 8: 1454-1468Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 4Hillman D.E. Lasek R.J. Black M.M. Intrinsic Determinants of Neuronal Form and Function. Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York1988: 83-113Google Scholar). Dendrites and axon also differ by their membranous organelle composition; RER 1The abbreviations used are: RER, rough endoplasmic reticulum; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; MAPs, microtubule-associated proteins; HMW, high molecular weight; LMW, low molecular weight; GFP, green fluorescent protein; VDAC, voltage-dependent anion channel; RM, rough microsomes; PIPES, 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid; DTT, dithiothreitol; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; Proc, projection domain; Mt, microtubule-binding domain; IP, immunoprecipitation; CLIPs, cytoplasmic linker proteins. is found in the somato-dendritic compartment but not in the axon, and the number of free ribosomes is a lot higher in dendrites than in the axon (1Bartlett W.P. Banker G.A. J. Neurosci. 1984; 4: 1954-1965Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 2Bartlett W.P. Banker G.A. J. Neurosci. 1984; 4: 1944-1953Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 5Peters A. Palay S.L. Webster H. The Fine Structure of the Nervous System. Oxford University Press, Oxford1991Google Scholar). The cytoskeletal elements are also distinctly distributed in these neuronal compartments; the number of microtubules is higher in dendrites than in the axon, whereas the opposite is noted for neurofilaments (1Bartlett W.P. Banker G.A. J. Neurosci. 1984; 4: 1954-1965Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 2Bartlett W.P. Banker G.A. J. Neurosci. 1984; 4: 1944-1953Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 6Hirokawa N. Burgoyne R.D. The Neuronal Cytoskeleton. Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York1991: 5-74Google Scholar). Microtubules are involved in the establishment of cell polarity. Notably, the microtubules of dendrites and axon contain different microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs); the microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) is found in dendrites, whereas tau is present only in the axon (6Hirokawa N. Burgoyne R.D. The Neuronal Cytoskeleton. Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York1991: 5-74Google Scholar, 7Caceres A. Banker G. Steward O. Binder L. Payne M. Brain Res. 1984; 315: 314-318Crossref PubMed Scopus (269) Google Scholar, 8Ludin B. Matus A. Hippocampus. 1993; 3: PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). The of these to the establishment of neuronal to the axonal in primary neuronal whereas MAP2 is involved in the of the neuronal processes that dendrites, and in the of dendrites in A. J. Neurosci. PubMed Google Scholar, A. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, A. J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, N. B. Cytoskeleton. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, J. J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). the that MAP2 and tau are to in neurons, their role in the of dendrites and axon of these proteins different that are by in the microtubule-binding domain that is to of in the and in the projection domain that the of the microtubules J. J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, L. A. Brain Res. Brain Res. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). The the projection the microtubules J. N. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, C.A. M. N. J. Google Scholar, N. 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Neurosci. 1988; 8: PubMed Google showed that MAP2 could also with and MAP2 could a cytoskeletal in dendrites by the cytoskeletal This role to be with the of the neuronal MAP2 can also with proteins. MAP2 can with the of the protein M. B. J. 3: PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). In MAP2 is a of protein in dendrites, and the of of protein is reduced A. J. N. J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). These were by a of dendritic these can that MAP2 an role in the polarized distribution of proteins that dendritic and In a C.A. N. J. PubMed Scopus Google we that MAP2 was found in a membrane from that MAP2 could be with membranous In of proteins and were to the interaction microtubules and membranous J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, A. N. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, A. N. J. PubMed Google Scholar, H. J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). was found to be for the polarized distribution of a membranous organelle present in dendrites the dendritic A. N. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). microtubule-associated protein that to the dendritic distribution of RER membranes. present that MAP2 could a we a association of MAP2 with RER membranes using subcellular and in an in vitro reconstitution assay. we showed that this association involves the interaction of the MAP2 projection domain with a RER membrane p63, that was found to the interaction RER membranes and microtubules in a A. J. J. PubMed Google Scholar, J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, J. A. J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). results suggest that the interaction MAP2 and p63 to the distribution of RER membranes in the dendritic of a in were from The of and in this were to The to the and of of the were from and the by J. J. J. Google was used to rough and elements from of the is in were by differential and and elements were purified by in a was performed of proteins were in and in a proteins were to a The were with the primary for were with phosphate-buffered and with the were and revealed by The primary were the antibody the antibody the antibody a antibody ribophorin a and a antibody p63 by H. University of a antibody a antibody by M. G. University of and a by The Electron from brain were using membranes by the of J. J. PubMed Scopus Google and for J. J. J. Google Scholar). Electron of was from that used by J. J. Res. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). of the were in containing the primary The antibody was used a of The was to were for in and membranes by the of J. J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). were with in for and with the in for the membranes were with and for hippocampal were rat Banker G. Banker G. Press, Scholar). of were with for in and by a The cells were with were cells to the of the cells to the the hippocampal cells were in a in were in for The cells were with in for The MAP2 protein was revealed using a antibody MAP2 from the by New The endoplasmic reticulum was revealed using the anti-p63 by H. University of tau a antibody was used a of by University of Microtubules were revealed by using a rat antibody used the a to a to and an an these were from These were in were for in PBS, the were in cells were with a microscope using a microscope using MAP2c were in the The of this was and and were by of the and the was the the and the for MAP2c was with and from the C.A. M. N. J. Google Scholar). The was to the MAP2c its to the projection domain of MAP2c and to the microtubule-binding domain were These were in the The was by M. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). of in hippocampal were using a J. 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PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). The were in and for from of were by with a in of PIPES, and to which was added to p63 the was with to a N. G. J. PubMed Scopus Google to an enrichment of membranes. In in vitro reconstitution was from that J. J. Scholar). brain protein was from was to in the presence of MAP2c tau protein in the for was in the to which and a of were added to of this was added to the and was to for The were for The was and the was using and in the was performed for and the were for In two of the anti-p63 antibody was added to of the and for This was with the The of MAP2 in Subcellular of a study, we that high molecular MAP2 proteins were present in a membrane from brain C.A. N. J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). In the present study, MAP2 distribution was using subcellular fractions from rat MAP2 distribution was in rat brain by using a fractionation to rat J. J. J. Google and in MAP2 distribution was with that of markers for different a membrane ribophorin and p63, markers of the endoplasmic reticulum; a and voltage-dependent anion a The cytoskeletal was also used to the MAP2 was found in the in MAP2 was found enriched in a subfraction containing p63 and two proteins found in the RER compartment A. J. J. PubMed Google Scholar, A. M. G. J. 1993; PubMed Google Scholar, Steward O. J. Neurosci. PubMed Google Scholar, G. G. Res. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, G. R. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). the enrichment with these two this subfraction was for rough This subfraction also membranes revealed by the MAP2 is to with A. Cytoskeleton. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, M. A. Cytoskeleton. 1993; PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, M. J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). that MAP2 in the subfraction was only with the subfraction an of to that of the but the of MAP2 in this subfraction was than that in the and morphometry confirmed that this subfraction these that MAP2 could be with RER membranes. RER is found in neuronal cell and dendrites and MAP2 is a somato-dendritic B. Matus A. Hippocampus. 1993; 3: PubMed Scopus Google to an association this and In this the subfraction was to contain tau, the found in the axon B. Matus A. Hippocampus. 1993; 3: PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). that was enriched in MAP2 but in contrast Electron of the subfraction confirmed the presence of rough and that of the in this subfraction ribosomes to the The in were in and and and were observed in association with with ribosomes and of was by but was observed in the subfraction and were low during Electron microscope was to the association of MAP2 with membranes in the subfraction and of the found membranes was performed to the association of MAP2 with rough membranes from different of experiments revealed that of MAP2 with membranes was present rough of MAP2 in the subfraction The subfraction purified from rat brain was by using antibody The distribution of the was when antibody was and when antibody was added The the and the of of distinct of multiple was is than which is The is than which is in a of p63 and MAP2 in primary hippocampal MAP2 is to the somato-dendritic compartment during establishment of neuronal (6Hirokawa N. Burgoyne R.D. The Neuronal Cytoskeleton. Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York1991: 5-74Google Scholar, 7Caceres A. Banker G. Steward O. Binder L. Payne M. Brain Res. 1984; 315: 314-318Crossref PubMed Scopus (269) Google Scholar, 8Ludin B. Matus A. Hippocampus. 1993; 3: PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). in neurons, RER is also found in the cell and dendrites (1Bartlett W.P. Banker G.A. J. Neurosci. 1984; 4: 1954-1965Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 2Bartlett W.P. Banker G.A. J. Neurosci. 1984; 4: 1944-1953Crossref PubMed Google Scholar). MAP2 and RER concomitantly to the somato-dendritic compartment in hippocampal during their in the hippocampal are polarized cells presenting that to dendrites, and a that the axon (1Bartlett W.P. Banker G.A. J. Neurosci. 1984; 4: 1954-1965Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 2Bartlett W.P. Banker G.A. J. Neurosci. 1984; 4: 1944-1953Crossref PubMed Google Scholar, 3Dotti C.G. Sullivan C.A. Banker G.A. J. 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PubMed Google Scholar). the of MAP2 and RER concomitantly in hippocampal neurons, the distribution of p63 was and MAP2 in the that RER membranes enriched in the somato-dendritic compartment during neuronal a antibody tau was used to dendritic and axonal hippocampal were with a antibody tau and with the antibody which the high and low molecular of MAP2 in these neurons, a antibody p63 was used to dendritic and axonal processes In primary hippocampal neurons, MAP2 and tau were present in neuronal compartments by the p63 was also found in neuronal In hippocampal neurons, MAP2 and p63 were in the dendritic processes but were in the axon by their with tau for the RER p63 enriched in the somato-dendritic compartment during neuronal Steward O. J. Neurosci. PubMed Google Scholar). These results that MAP2 and the RER membranes are in the somato-dendritic compartment during hippocampal cell differentiation. the of of MAP2c the distribution of microtubules and RER in primary hippocampal MAP2c the of microtubules N. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). RER is with a to that of microtubules MAP2c were with a containing of was found in dendrites in hippocampal and distribution was noted for RER in these with revealed in RER distribution with cells and MAP2c in the structure of the dendrites and axon of hippocampal not in of the from the cell in cells MAP2c C.A. M. N. J. Google Scholar, N. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). with to a of the in the neuronal and In of the neurons, were noted in the cell In these RER was found these and In the multiple were distributed in the cell and an of RER was noted in the and in the these and In of neurons, and RER distribution were with the and and and The of microtubules and RER observed in showed that RER and microtubules are in hippocampal the results not MAP2c was involved in the association of RER with of MAP2 with the RER Protein the proteins the association of MAP2 with we performed a blot The proteins in the subfraction from rat were a and to a The membrane was with MAP2c protein purified from The interaction of MAP2c with the proteins in the subfraction was revealed by using the antibody MAP2 was found in a to the molecular of a MAP2 was also observed an molecular of in this with an anti-p63 antibody that p63 could be involved in the association of MAP2 with RER membranes. this we p63 could with MAP2 in a from rat brain The antibody was used to MAP2. in a to the anti-p63 antibody was present in the MAP2 In the brain two were revealed by the anti-p63 and of higher molecular The anti-p63 antibody only revealed the In the MAP2 only the was revealed using the the also the MAP2 could with p63 in Brain was from rat rat not and immunoprecipitation of MAP2 p63 was noted for MAP2 in the MAP2 p63 protein was also present MAP2c could be by using the anti-p63 these could that the domain of MAP2 with p63 was in the to and MAP2 of the from and rat brain the interaction of MAP2 with p63 in rat brain was confirmed by MAP2 was from an rat brain and The was used to the The membrane was revealed with the and with the anti-p63 The was used a that the antibody the only in the rat brain the interaction of MAP2 with p63 in rat brain was confirmed by MAP2 p63 was from a rat brain by using the the antibody p63 The blot was revealed with the and with the anti-p63 The protein from were used for protein MAP2 proteins two the projection domain and the microtubule-binding domain the and to the projection domain the microtubule-binding domain of the MAP2 MAP2c was and to a which of these with p63, were in HeLa a cell p63 but not and their interaction with p63 was by MAP2 immunoprecipitation was performed HeLa cells p63 was found in the In HeLa of was revealed with the and antibody p63 A. J. J. PubMed Google Scholar, J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). when immunoprecipitation was performed HeLa cells tau the p63 was in tau when was from HeLa cells with the antibody p63 was found in the p63 was from the that the MAP2 with p63 is within the of MAP2 In of the that MAP2 can a linker the and an in vitro reconstitution was membranes were with microtubules containing and the microtubules were by The association of microtubules with membranes was by microtubules and membranes we to a a of RER membranes. are two to this RER membranes are with L. B. 1988; 4: PubMed Scopus Google and the results with are of to the mechanism of interaction MAP2 microtubules and low in contrast to microtubules that high the only microtubules can with in this is an association with the of rat using the and G. PubMed Scopus Google was used is of MAP2 and was in this by the presence of p63 in this was confirmed by The microtubules used in the present were of brain and MAP2c protein purified from a microtubules were using the axonal tau also purified from the of MAP2c and tau to the that in the number of microtubules to could be by a of tau and MAP2c to microtubules this MAP2c tau was with brain in the an of and a high the and the were by for their content in and in of were found in the MAP2c and the tau that these proteins a in the present by MAP2c and tau was the by and of microtubules were observed in and and were with microtubules that were in the presence of MAP2c the were a of were in and for of with microtubules were performed microtubules was observed in association with the in the presence of microtubules and the that the microtubules during the with the the presence of microtubules was the by when were with MAP2c microtubules were observed with a diameter in in different their the experiments showed that but not tau microtubules could with and this association was for microtubules to These results were in different of was to the number of microtubules with the rat Microtubules within of the membrane were in the this is a for interaction of microtubules in by MAP2c and tau in cells C.A. 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The domain of MAP2 with p63 was found to be in the of the MAP2 projection using an in vitro reconstitution assay, MAP2 was to the association microtubules and RER membranes. this association was reduced in the presence of an anti-p63 results to a role for MAP2 and p63 in the distribution and of RER in that the membranes are with microtubules M. Cytoskeleton. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, M. J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, M. Cytoskeleton. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, J. Neurosci. Res. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, N. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). This association could be for of membranes for the positioning of these membranes within a cell M. Cytoskeleton. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, N. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar). of microtubules using the the and positioning of membranes M. J. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, M. Cytoskeleton. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, J. Neurosci. Res. PubMed Scopus Google Scholar, 8: PubMed Google Scholar). 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In neurons, the polarized distribution of the RER in the somato-dendritic compartment molecular RER membranes and microtubules than in In this the binding of p63 to microtubules not be to the positioning of RER in the interaction of but not microtubules with p63 to the of RER membranes in the somato-dendritic showed that proteins are involved in the positioning of membranes. The present results that microtubule-associated proteins could also to the distribution of membranes within a neuron. The of these proteins to dendritic and for the anti-p63 M. G. for the and for the The antibody and the antibody were by and The antibody by was from the the of the of and maintained by the of University of also and for their and for

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