Effect of dietary ideal amino acid ratios, and supplemental carbohydrase in hulless-bar ley-based diets on pig performance and nitrogen excretion in manure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted, using a total of 224 (112 barrows + 112 gilts) crossbred pigs, to determine the effect of dietary ideal amino acid ratios, and supplemental carbohydrase in hulless barley (HB) diets, on pig performance and N excretion in manure. The four experimental grower and finisher diets were 1) a covered-barley (CB) control diet, 2) a HB (cv. Condor) diet, 3) same as diet 2 except that the soybean meal was replaced with supplemental lysine, threonine, methionine and tryptophan, to provide ideal amino acid ratios of 0.65 for threonine to lysine and 0.30 for methionine to lysine, and 4) same as diet 3 with supplemental carbohydrase (RonozymeTM W) enzyme at 350 g t–1. All diets were fed ad libitum as pellets with free access to drinking water. The average daily gain (ADG) was not different (P > 0.10) between diets 1 and 2, or among diets 2, 3 and 4 during the grower or finisher periods. The feed conversion efficiency was higher (P < 0.01) for diets 3 and 4 than for diet 2 during the grower period, but it was higher (P < 0.05) only for diet 4 than diet 2 during the finisher and combined grower-finisher periods. Backfat thickness, carcass index and dressing % were not different (P > 0.10) among the diets. The absorption of dry matter (88.9 vs. 83.7%) and energy (87.8 vs. 84.1%) was greater (P < 0.05) for diet 2 than diet 1. The excretion of faecal dry matter was 31.6% lower (P < 0.01) for diet 2 than diet 1 during the finisher period. The N excretion was 22.0% lower in pigs fed diet 3 than diet 2. Ammonia, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide concentration in stored manure were not different (P > 0.10) among the diets, but ammonia production was positively correlated with urinary N excretion. These results indicated that feeding HB diets with supplemental amino acids minimises the excretion of both faecal dry matter and N with no adverse effect on the performance of lean-genotype pigs. Key words: Pigs, hulless-barley, amino acids, carbohydrase, nitrogen, manure
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".