University Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The major purpose of this study was to explore the level of job satisfaction of university teachers in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The objectives of the study were: to assess the general satisfaction level of university teachers, to determine university teachers’ satisfaction level for each of the twenty dimensions of the job, and to give suggestions to improve university teachers’ job satisfaction level. All the university teachers working in North West Frontier Province of Pakistan constituted the population of this study. A sample of 108 university teachers was drawn from this population. A questionnaire following the theoretical framework of Herzberg’s two factor theory was developed. The findings show that university teachers were generally satisfied with their jobs. However teachers were neutral with dimensions: working conditions, organizational policies and practices, recognition, supervision technical and promotion opportunities. The teachers were satisfied with work variety, creativity, moral values, compensation, work itself, colleagues’ cooperation, responsibility, ability utilization, authority, activity, social status, job security, achievement and students’ interaction. Provision of sufficient fund to universities for the availability of modern tools, scholarly publications, properly equipped libraries and laboratories is recommended. It is also needed to provide instructional technology i.e., video cassettes, computer technology, project and transparencies and other modern gadgets in the classrooms. Teachers are not consulted in academic matter which causes distrust and frustration. Their participation in decision making, revision of curricula, and other academic matters must be ensured. A formal strategy needs to be put in place to address teacher’s needs while stressing and encouraging accountability and initiatives. A distinction is needed to be made between the efficient workers and shirk workers. The system of rewards should be introduced to encourage the teachers with better performance. Refresher courses, seminars and training workshops must be arranged for university teachers to keep them abreast with the contemporary teaching techniques and research skills. They should be properly trained in the development and proper use of A.V aids.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".