Determination of Pesticides in Apple-Based Infant Foods Using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to quantify and confirm trace levels of 13 pesticides including aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, oxamyl, methomyl, formetanate, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, carbendazim, thiabendazole, aldicarb, propoxur, carbofuran, carbaryl, and methiocarb in apple-based infant foods such as apple sauces, apples and strawberries, apples and blueberries, and apples and plums. Data acquisition under MS/MS was achieved by applying multiple reaction monitoring of two fragment ion transitions to provide a high degree of sensitivity and selectivity for both quantification and confirmation. LC/ESI-MS/MS quantitative results were significantly affected by matrices, and thus, the standard addition was employed to compensate for the matrix effects to achieve the best accuracy of the method. Recoveries of 13 pesticides, spiked at 5.0, 25.0, and 45.0 microg/kg, were around 100% using the LC/ESI-MS/MS standard addition. The method detection limits (S/N > or = 3:1) of 13 pesticides were less than 0.2 microg/kg.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".