In Vitro Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Polymer/Niosome Complexes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Large unilamellar niosome and control liposome vesicles were rendered pH-sensitive by complexation with a hydrophobically modified pH-responsive copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide, N-glycidylacrylamide, and N-octadecylacrylamide at a copolymer/lipid mass ratio of 0.3. The vesicles were characterized and tested for their stability and pH-sensitivity in buffer and human serum. Their in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated as well as their ability to mediate cytoplasmic delivery of encapsulated fluorescent probe using J774 murine macrophage-like cells. At pH 7.2, vesicles were found to be stable over 90 days at 4 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, the polymer destabilized the vesicles under weakly acidic conditions. However, niosomes but not liposomes were partly destabilized in human serum at 37 degrees C. Premature leakage of niosomal contents in serum was attributed to the polymer collapse which is favored in the presence of multivalent cations. On the cellular level, niosomes were cytotoxic above 0.075 mM while no appreciable decrease in cell viability was shown for the liposomes and copolymer alone at short incubation times (< 2 days). Finally, only liposomes and not niosomes were able to release their contents in the cytoplasm after internalization by phagocytosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".