CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from saline lakes: A global estimate of a surprisingly large flux
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The role of saline lakes in CO 2 exchange with the atmosphere was evaluated on the basis of calculated partial pressure ( p CO 2 ) and CO 2 exchange rates with the atmosphere derived from a compilation of published data for 196 saline lakes around the world. The average surface water p CO 2 exceeded atmospheric p CO 2 by a factor of 5–8 times, indicative of a tendency for saline lakes to emit CO 2 to the atmosphere. Chemically enhanced emission, calculated from solute chemistry, pH, and wind speed, increased gas exchange an average of 2.3 times over that of freshwater lakes having equivalent p CO 2 . The globally distributed lakes emitted CO 2 at rates in excess of 80 mmol m −2 d −1 . The Caspian Sea was calculated to support alone a total CO 2 emission of 0.02 to 0.04 Gt C a −1 , with the total CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere from saline lakes calculated to be 0.11–0.15 Gt C a −1 . Consideration of CO 2 emissions from saline lakes raises the total CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere from all lakes to 0.28–0.32 Gt CO 2 . These results point to a significant role of saline lakes in global C cycling.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".