Q‐FISH analysis of telomere and chromosome instability in the oesophagus with and without squamous cell carcinoma <i>in situ</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chromosomal and genomic instability due to telomere dysfunction is known to play an important role in carcinogenesis. To study telomere dysfunction in the surrounding background epithelium of squamous cell carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the oesophagus, we measured telomere lengths of basal and parabasal cells of epithelia with and without CIS using quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) and our original software, Tissue Telo. Additionally, we assessed histological inflammation and the anaphase bridge index. In non-cancerous epithelium, telomeres in basal cells were significantly longer than those in parabasal cells, whereas CIS showed a homogeneous telomere pattern in the basal and parabasal cells. Telomeres in basal and parabasal cells were significantly shorter in the background with CIS than in epithelium from age-matched normal controls. Significant negative correlation was observed between the normalized telomere : centromere ratio (reflected telomere length) and the anaphase bridge index in non-cancerous epithelia from both normal controls and the CIS background with no histological inflammation. These findings indicate that tissue stem cells may be located among basal cells, and that telomere length distribution in component cell types differs between CIS and non-cancerous epithelium. We have demonstrated conclusively that oesophageal CIS arises from epithelium with short telomeres and chromosomal instability in the absence of histological inflammation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".