Upper Extremity Diabetic Muscle Infarction in Three Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diabetic muscle infarction is a rare complication of diabetes. Since first reported in 1965, approximately 130 patients have been reported, with only 2 cases described affecting the upper extremity. We report on 3 men (age, 40-63) with diabetic muscle infarction involving the arm. The patients had symptoms 4 to 18 days before presenting to the emergency department and all required admission for their pain. Only 1 of the patients was febrile. The patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus for 10 to 25+ years, and 2 were on chronic hemodialysis, with the third starting peritoneal dialysis shortly after admission. Hemoglobin A1c ranged from 0.049 to 0.095. Creatine kinase levels ranged from 69 to 483 U/L and the white blood cell count ranged from 9.6 to 12.0 x 10(3)/microL. None of the patients required surgery nor had biopsies, and the patients were managed with rest, transdermal fentanyl, and later physiotherapy. Diagnoses were supported by MRI images in 2 patients and serial ultrasounds in the third patient. Although rare, the condition may be under-recognized. Pathophysiology, which may have some unique features in patients on hemodialysis, is briefly discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it