Spinal Cord Stimulation Causes Potentiation of Right Vagus Nerve Effects on Atrial Chronotropic Function and Repolarization in Canines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Experimental evidence suggests that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) can cause augmentation of parasympathetic influences on the heart via enhanced vagus nerve (VgN) activity. Herein, we investigated whether this might lead to enhanced inducibility of vagally mediated atrial tachyarrhythmias (AT) and whether such actions depend on intact autonomic neural connections with central neurons. METHOD AND RESULTS: Epidural SCS electrodes were implanted at T1-T4 in anesthetized canines. Sinus cycle length prolongation, atrial repolarization changes (191 epicardial electrode sites), and AT inducibility in response to right VgN stimuli applied at the cervical level were determined before and during SCS. VgN-induced sinus cycle length prolongation was potentiated during SCS among the animals with intact neural connections or bilateral vagotomy proximal to the stimulation site, whereas such prolongation was unaffected by SCS among animals with bilateral decentralization of stellate ganglia. Likewise, the atrial surface area in which VgN-induced repolarization wave form changes were identified was significantly augmented during SCS among the former but not among the latter. AT facilitation occurred during SCS in the majority of animals with intact neural connections, particularly among those displaying relatively greater potentiation of vagally mediated sinus cycle length prolongation. CONCLUSION: The data indicate that SCS may cause potentiation of parasympathetic influences on the atria in response to cervical VgN stimulation. Such SCS effects appear to be mediated via decreased tonic inhibitory sympathetic influences in the presence of intact stellate ganglion connections to central neurons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".