Prevalence of von Willebrand disease in women with iron deficiency anaemia and menorrhagia in Taiwan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a frequently encountered disease, which can be attributed to menorrhagia. Most female patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD) have menorrhagia. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of VWD in women with both IDA and menorrhagia in Taiwan. From January to December 2005 and November 2006 to January 2007, 56 consecutive patients with both IDA and menorrhagia were enrolled in this study. Their median age was 41 years (range 18-53). IDA was diagnosed by anaemia plus either low ferritin or transferrin saturation. Menorrhagia was evaluated by patient's menses history. Both von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) and ristocetin cofactor activity (VWF:RCo) were measured for each patient. Bleeding time (BT) and platelet function analyser (PFA)-100 assay were determined as ancillary tests. The VWD diagnosis was established if: (i) both VWF:Ag (<50%) and VWF:RCo (<50%) were low; (ii) either VWF:Ag or VWF:RCo was low plus prolonged BT or prolonged PFA closure times. VWF multimer analysis was performed for subtype confirmation of VWD. Nine of the 56 (16.1%) patients were identified to have VWD. VWD patients with menorrhagia might develop IDA at younger age (34.3 vs. 39.7, P = 0.09) and had more IDA recurrence (75% vs. 16%, P = 0.03) than those patients without VWD. Of the eight VWD patients with VWF multimer analyses, all were revealed to have type I VWD. Our study demonstrates that VWD was not uncommon in women with both IDA and menorrhagia in Taiwan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".