Suitability of Undersown Sweetclover as a Fallow Replacement in Semiarid Cropping Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The negative effects of tilled fallow on soil quality may be reduced by utilizing legume green manure crops. A study was conducted to determine the suitability of biennial sweetclover [ Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.] as a partial fallow replacement on the northern Great Plains. Sweetclover undersown in field pea ( Pisum sativum L.), flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.), or oriental mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Coss.] and killed in June of the subsequent fallow year attained shoot biomass yields of 3110 to 5370 kg ha −1 , depending on the year and companion crop with which it was grown. Living sweetclover plus its residues after being killed provided excellent ground cover to reduce the risk of erosion throughout the 20‐mo fallow period. Sweetclover compared to tilled fallow reduced soil water content at the time of seeding spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in 2 of 3 yr. Available soil N in April before seeding spring wheat was 16 to 56 kg ha −1 greater in sweetclover green manure than in fallow treatments. Wheat yields were 47 to 75% greater in the sweetclover than in the fallow treatments. However, the many positive attributes of sweetclover green manure must be weighed against potential reductions in companion crop yield. Undersown sweetclover reduced flax yield in 1 of 3 yr and mustard and field pea yield in 2 of 3 yr, with yield losses ranging from 10 to 55%. Additional research is needed to determine agronomic practices that would reduce competitive interactions between sweetclover and its companion crop.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".