Stratified morphology of a polypropylene/elastomer blend following channel flow
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A thermoplastic olefin blend consisting of isotactic polypropylene (PP) and an ethylene‐butene copolymer (EBR) impact modifier (25 wt % EBR) was subjected to a short, high‐shear pulse within the flow channel of a pressure‐driven microextruder following low‐shear channel filling from a reservoir of the melt. The resulting morphology was examined by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCFM), with contrast provided by a fluorescent tracer in the EBR minor phase. Shear experiments were performed under isothermal conditions with a known wall shear stress for a specified duration, providing a well‐defined thermal and flow history. Low‐shear channel filling produces small droplets across the central region of the channel and large droplets, consistent with steady‐state shear, in the regions near the channel walls. After cooling the molten blend to a crystallization temperature of 153 °C, a brief interval (5 s ∼ 1/2000 of the quiescent crystallization time) of high shear (wall shear stress: 0.1 MPa) induces rapid, highly oriented crystallization and a stratified morphology. Ex situ LSCFM reveals a “skin” at the channel walls (∼70 μm) in which greatly elongated fiberlike droplets, oriented along the flow direction, are embedded in highly oriented crystalline PP. Further from the walls but directly beside the skin layers are surprising zones in which EBR domains show no deformation or orientation. Several zones of intermediate deformation and orientation at an angle to the flow direction are located closer to the center of the channel. At the center of the channel, EBR droplets are spherical, as expected for channel flow. The various strata are explained by the interplay of droplet deformation, breakup, and coalescence with the shear‐induced crystallization kinetics of the matrix. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2842–2859, 2002
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it