Part 2: Solvent management: solvent stability and amine degradation in CO<sub>2</sub>capture processes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Solvent stability in CO2 capture from industrial flue gases is one of the most significant parameters that needs to be closely monitored to maintain the highest efficiency in the carbon CO2 absorption operation. Amines used in the capture process are known to degrade, resulting in the most serious degree of solvent loss in CO2 capture from flue gases. Reactive constituents in flue gas, specifically O2, SO2, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and inorganic oxide fly ash, competitively react with amines, leading to irreversible decomposition of amine into various degradation products. Because of degradation, the absorption efficiency deteriorates and corrosion problems occur. In this article, we review research activities in amine degradation from past to present for CO2 and sulfur compound-induced degradation. Research conducted on oxidative degradation of amines before and after 2000 is also reviewed, including our works undertaken at the International Test Centre for CO2 Capture and works by other researchers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".