Use of size spectra and empirical models to evaluate trophic relationships in streams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We measured the biomass size distributions of algae, protozoa, and invertebrates in several streams of Eastern Ontario and Western Quebec and related assemblage biomass to nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) concentrations in the water. Size spectra and measurement of periphytic chlorophyll were then combined with existing empirical models to estimate primary production, invertebrate production, and grazer removal, to examine herbivory in these natural assemblages. In general, biomass of organisms increased with nutrients but the response of invertebrates was stronger than that of algae and protozoans. Secondary production (range 1.7%–4.2%) and algal removal by grazers (range 62%–175%) were high relative to primary production. This suggests that grazers exert top‐down control on algae in these streams and that increases in nutrient inputs to oligo‐ and mesotrophic streams may benefit consumers more than primary producers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.021 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".