Avoiding Electromagnetic Artifacts When Recording Auditory Steady-State Responses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electromagnetic artifacts can occur when recording multiple auditory steady-state responses evoked by sinusoidally amplitude modulated (SAM) stimuli. High-intensity air-conducted stimuli evoked responses even when hearing was prevented by masking. Additionally, high-intensity bone-conducted stimuli evoked responses that were completely different from those evoked by air-conducted stimuli of similar sensory level. These artifacts were caused by aliasing since they did not occur when recordings used high analog-digital (AD) conversion rates or when high frequencies in the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal were attenuated by steep-slope low-pass filtering. Two possible techniques can displace aliased energy away from the response frequencies: (1) using an AD rate that is not an integer submultiple of the carrier frequencies and (2) using stimuli with frequency spectra that do not alias back to the response frequencies, such as beats or "alternating SAM" tones. Alternating SAM tones evoke responses similar to conventional SAM tones, whereas beats produce significantly smaller responses. Cuando se realizan registros múltiples de respuestas auditivas de estado estable, evocadas por medio de estímulos sinusoidales de amplitud modulada (SAM), se pueden generar artefactos electromagnéticos. Los estímulos por v[ia aérea de alta intensidad evocan estas respuestas aún cuando se enmascare la audición. Además, los estímulos de alta intensidad conducidos por vía ósea también evocaron respuestas que fueron completamente diferentes de aquellas por vía aérea, a niveles sensoriales similares. Estos artefactos fueron causados por relación, dado que no se presentaron cuando los registros se hicieron utilizando tasas altas de conversión analógico-digital (AD), o cuando las frecuencias en la señal electroencefalográfica (EEG) fueron atenuadas por filtros. Existen dos posibles técnicas para desplazar esta energía relacionada de las frecuencias de respuesta: (1) usando una tasa AD que no sea sub-múltiplo entero de las frecuencias portadoras, y (2) usando estímulos con un espectro de frecuencia que no esté relacionado con las frecuencias de la respuesta, tales como las pulsaciones o los tonos SAM alternantes. Los tonos SAM alternantes evocan respuestas similares a los tonos SAM convencionales, mientras que las pulsaciones producen respuestas significativamente menores.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".