A comparison of middle ear acoustic admittance in adults and 3-week-old infants based on multifrequency tympanometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The assessment of newborn hearing requires information on middle ear status yet the interpretation of tympanometry in newborns is unclear. This study aims to further our understanding of acoustic admittance in the newborn middle ear. Multifrequency tympanograms were recorded from sixteen 3-week-old infants (30 ears) and sixteen young normal-hearing adults (30 ears). Tympanometry was conducted using the Virtual 310 middle ear analyzer using 9 probe tone frequencies between 226 and 1000 Hz at roughly 100 Hz intervals. All infants passed a hearing screening using automated ABR (Algo II) shortly after birth (within 24 h) and again at 3-weeks of age. At 226 Hz, admittance tympanograms had a single peak in all adult ears while 60% of infant ears had multiple peaks or irregular patterns. At 1000 Hz admittance tympanograms had a single peak for 74% of infant ears while 78% of adult ears showed multiple peak or irregular patterns. Analyses of tympanometric shape (using the Vanhuyse classification scheme), as well as static admittance, static susceptance, and static conductance also reveal differences in adult and infant middle ear function. Implications for the clinical application of tympanometry in the first month of life will be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".