Deriving crustal properties from the P Coda without deconvolution: the southwestern Superior Province, North America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a new approach to measuring crustal thickness and bulk properties from teleseismic data. In contrast to the traditional H − k stacking approach, which involves receiver-function deconvolution followed by stacking along expected arrival-time curves, we eliminate the deconvolution step and generate synthetic transfer functions predicting the relationship between the vertical and radial components. Given a catalogue of precalculated transfer functions, we convolve the vertical component with each assumed transfer function and then calculate a misfit between the real and predicted radial component. As a single-layer crust is no longer a necessary assumption, we use the transfer-function approach to extend H − k analysis to models containing sedimentary basins. Applied to a data set in Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota, where the Archean Superior Province, Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson Orogen and Meso/Neoproterozoic Mid-Continent Rift are largely overlain by sediments of the Williston Basin, we find that the transfer-function approach is able to recover approximate sedimentary thickness, as well as remove the contaminating effects of the sedimentary layers from crustal thickness and basement P/S velocity ratio measurements. We find that the Superior Province has uniformly low P/S ratio, reflecting a highly felsic composition, but has substantial Moho topography, with substantial crustal thinning to the west possibly related to Trans-Hudson accretion. The Trans-Hudson has thick crust with higher (more mafic) P/S ratio; higher ratios in the Superior near the Trans-Hudson contact suggest that the Superior is overthrust on Trans-Hudson basement material. The vicinity of the Mid-Continent Rift shows thinned crust, elevated P/S ratio, and a localized zone of very high P/S ratio associated with a rift offset, possibly related to a former triple junction, that extends northwestward into the Superior following a recently detected linear mantle anomaly.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".