Prediction of Riser Gas Holdup in Three- Phase External Loop Air Lift Fluidized Bed Reactor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrodynamics is an important issue for design and development of three phase external-loop airlift fluidized bed. This paper deals on the experimental investigations on the effect of superficial gas and liquid velocities and properties of solids on the riser gas holdup of a three phase external-loop airlift fluidized bed reactor and it was characterized using Newtonian and non Newtonian systems. Water, 65% and 85% of glycerol and n-butanol were used as Newtonian liquids and different concentration of Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose (CMC) i.e., 0.2%, 0.5% and 1% were used as non Newtonian liquids. Spherical glass beads, bearl saddles and rasching rings of different sizes were used as solid phase. The phase flow rates and properties of solid particle had significant effect on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the external-loop airlift fluidized bed reactor such as riser gas holdup. Unified correlations have been developed to estimate the riser gas holdup as a function of superficial phase velocities, properties of solid particle and physical properties of both Newtonian and Non-Newtonian liquid systems. The predicting ability of the correlations were tested with the experimental data and found to be good fit with an absolute average relative error (AARD) of ± 9.7 % for riser gas holdup.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".