Gait Mechanics Following an ACL rupture: Implication for the Early Onset of Knee Osteoarthritis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been reported that individuals who suffer a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are at a greater risk for developing early onset knee osteoarthritis (OA) generally within 15 years, even if treated surgically. Unfortunately, the mechanism behind this early onset knee OA development is still unknown. Medial compartment loading in the knee, as measured by the internal knee abduction moment, has been associated with the progression of knee OA. However, this association has not been reported in individuals following an ACL rupture and subsequent repair. PURPOSE: To determine if individuals who have sustained an ACL rupture and subsequent surgical repair exhibit altered gait mechanics that may be associated with knee OA progression. METHODS: Fifteen individuals, who had previously sustained an ACL rupture and subsequent surgical repair within the past 10 years, volunteered to participate in the study (ACL). A gender, age, activity level, and BMI matched control group was recruited for comparison (CON). All individuals in the study underwent a gait analysis at an intentional walking speed. Five trials within 5% of the independent walking speed were recorded and averaged to extract variables previously associated with knee OA progression. Independent samples t-test were performed to examine differences in the variables between the ACL and CON group. All joint moments were calculated as internal moments. RESULTS: The peak knee abduction moment was increased by 20% in the ACL compared to the CON group (p=0.03, d=0.82). Interestingly, the peak vertical ground reaction force in late stance was greater in the CON group compared to the ACL group (p=0.01, d=1.18). No other significant differences were observed, however moderate effect size indices (d>0.50) were apparent for the peak knee abduction moment in late stance (p=0.11, d=0.63), knee adduction excursion (p=0.12, d=0.60) and the peak hip abduction moment (p=0.09, d=0.68). CONCLUSION: It appears that individuals who have suffered an ACL rupture and subsequent surgical repair exhibit lower extremity gait mechanics indicative of increased risk for knee OA progression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".