Association of Cystatin C and Depression in Healthy Elders: The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Depression is highly prevalent in individuals with advanced kidney disease, but is less well studied in individuals with milder disease. We evaluated the association between kidney function and depression in the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. METHODS: The study enrolled 3,075 community-dwelling black and white adults aged 70-79 years. Kidney function was measured by cystatin C and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The main outcome was incident treated depression. RESULTS: 52% of participants had low (≤1.0), 33% intermediate (>1-1.25) and 15% high cystatin C (>1.25). Kidney function and depression were not associated at baseline. Of 2,731 nondepressed participants at baseline, 95 developed incident depression during follow-up. In unadjusted Cox proportional hazard models, hazard ratios (HR) for incident depression were 1.89 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-2.97) for the intermediate and 2.17 (CI 1.24-3.79) for the high cystatin C group. Intermediate (HR = 1.84) and high (HR = 2.1) serum cystatin C remained associated with incident depression in adjusted models. Chronic kidney disease, defined by an eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), was not associated with depression. CONCLUSION: Participants with higher cystatin C had an increased likelihood of developing treated depression. Future studies should target this high-risk group.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it