P2‐169: NSAID use does not affect dementia progression or survival in Alzheimer's disease. The Cache County Dementia Progression Study.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) may be associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, their effects after the onset of dementia are unclear. We examined whether NSAID use before and after the onset of dementia and total duration of use affected dementia progression in a population-based incident sample of AD with up to 8 years of follow-up. Participants were 328 persons with Possible/Probable AD (66% female). Lifetime and current NSAID use was ascertained in an interview and with visual inspection of the participant's medications. Updates were obtained with the participant prior to the onset of dementia and a caregiver thereafter. NSAID use was coded if the participant used NSAIDs at least once a week for a month or longer. Pattern of use was summarized as: before dementia onset, after onset, or both. Total duration of NSAID use was also determined. Participants were tested every 6-18 months after diagnosis with the Mini-Mental State Exam, a global measure of cognition, and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum-of-Boxes, a measure of function. Multivariable linear mixed models examined whether NSAID use or cumulative duration predicted cognitive or functional progression in dementia. Survival was examined using Cox Regression. Interactions between NSAID use and APOE genotype were tested, adjusting for dementia duration, age, gender, and education. NSAIDs were used by 17% of participants prior to dementia onset, 10% after onset, and 29% both before and after onset. Forty-four percent reported no regular use. Mean (SD) duration of use was 4.68 (6.34) years prior to dementia onset and 1.46 (1.72) years after onset. Participants were followed for a mean (SD) of 3.13 (2.47) years after diagnosis. Neither NSAID use nor duration of use predicted cognitive (p > 0.50) or functional decline (p > 0.40) regardless of timing of use. NSAID use prior to dementia onset was associated with slightly increased mortality risk (Hazard Ratio = 1.13, p = 0.07), while duration of use had no association with mortality risk (p = 0.41). In this sample of incident AD, we found no effect of NSAIDs on dementia progression. The slight increase in risk of mortality may warrant further study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".