The functional interactions of commensal bacteria with intestinal secretory IgA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this article is to describe the immune geography of IgA induction by commensal intestinal bacteria and the underlying mechanisms of cytokine and costimulatory signalling between dendritic cells, B cells and T cells. RECENT FINDINGS: Intestinal dendritic cells sample commensal intestinal bacteria that penetrate the epithelial layer and induce IgA+ B cells to seed the mucosa with IgA plasma cells. Constitutive secretion of retinoic acid by intestinal dendritic cells directs the specificity of the IgA class switch and homing receptor expression in Peyer's patch B cells. In-vivo experiments have shown that TGF-beta is a vital cytokine for IgA induction in vivo, and the tumour necrosis factor family members BAFF and APRIL provide key costimulatory signals. After transport through the epithelial layer secretory IgA limits penetration of commensal bacteria back through the epithelium and shapes the density of different bacterial species in the intestinal lumen. SUMMARY: Production of IgA is an important adaptation to the presence of commensal intestinal bacteria and induction of the response is compartmentalized within the intestinal mucosal immune system. This compartmentalization allows a vigorous mucosal immune response to commensals without needing the systemic immune system to be tolerant of these organisms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".