A mechanism for spontaneous relaxation of glass at room temperature
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Silicate glasses kept at ambient temperature densify spontaneously, and their properties change with time. This is known as ageing of a glass. The spontaneous change occurs according to first-order rate kinetics, with a characteristic (relaxation) time much shorter than that of the α-relaxation process. According to the mechanism proposed here, there are local regions in the network structure of a silicate glass which collapse spontaneously with time by simultaneous motions of atoms seen as β or the Johari-Goldstein relaxation. The collapse causes the Si-O-Si bond angles in the immediate surroundings to change, and these angles become elastically strained. This strain biases the potential energy in a two-site model for oxygen-atom displacement, which occurs at a faster rate and rapidly dissipates the strain. Thus the glass densifies homogeneously on ageing, by two processes: process I, spontaneous collapse of local regions; process II, subsequent dissipation of strain energy resulting from the collapse. The first process, which is much slower, determines the kinetics of ageing. A fictive temperature Tf,β corresponding to the freezing out of the localized motions of the Johari-Goldstein relaxation process is proposed. For silicate glasses, Tf,β is 40-45% of the usual fictive temperature for the α-relaxation process. The volume lost during ageing may be recovered on heating the aged glass to a temperature far below T g in a time- and temperature-dependent manner, as has already been found from zero-point measurements of a glass thermometer.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it