Growth of Corn Roots and Associated Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Are Affected by Long‐Term Tillage and Phosphorus Fertilization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phosphorus deficiency is a major constraint for corn ( Zea mays L.) production. Cropping practices, such as tillage, modify corn P absorption, but the underlying mechanism must be assessed. A study was conducted at a long‐term (18‐yr) experimental site in Quebec, Canada, to evaluate the effects of tillage and P fertilization on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, soil properties, root attributes, corn growth, and corn P concentration. Soil (0–10 cm) and plant samples were collected at the 8 to 10 leaf stage from plots under moldboard plow (MP) and no till (NT) fertilized with 0, 17.5, or 35 kg P ha −1 . Tillage increased soil bulk density, vesicular colonization, shoot and root biomass, root surface area, average diameter, volume, total root length density, and the percentage of medium‐sized roots; it decreased total soil C and N concentrations, specific root length, percentage of fine roots, and arbuscular and total AM fungal colonization. Phosphorus fertilization reduced total AM fungal colonization, enhanced soil Mehlich‐3 P level, total root length density, and the percentage of fine roots. Corn shoot and root P concentrations, reduced by tillage, were positively correlated with the percentage of fine roots and arbuscular colonization, but negatively correlated with vesicular colonization and the percentage of medium‐sized roots. Overall, P fertilization reduced total AM fungal colonization and increased root length density, and tillage decreased arbuscular development in roots and fine root growth in soil resulting in the low corn P concentration.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".