Elevation of cGMP with Normal Expression and Activity of Rod cGMP-PDE in Photoreceptor Degenerate Labrador Retrievers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) levels were determined in retinas from a strain of Labrador Retrievers with inherited retinal dystrophy manifesting at early stages of retinal differentiation. The cGMP contents of dystrophic retinas of dogs from 1 to 4 months of age (n = 7) were significantly higher (p = 0.001) than in age-matched controls of the same breed (n = 11). Ultrastructure along the vertical retinal meridian was studied in developing retinas and findings were related to those of age-matched wild-type controls of the same breed. Slow central to peripheral progression of degeneration was observed in affected dogs. No differences were found in total cGMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, in PDE subunit composition as determined by Western blotting of 2-month-old homozygote affected retinas, or in the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the PDE beta-subunit as compared to controls. This model of photoreceptor degeneration thus is the first case of an apparent abnormality of cGMP metabolism that is not associated with a defect in the PDE catalytic subunits, and it is also the first reported model not associated with severe developmental abnormalities and rapid degeneration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".