Biodegradation of oestrogens in nitrifying activated sludge
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The degradation of 17beta-oestradiol (E2) and 17alpha-ethinyloestradiol (EE2) was investigated in an aerobic activated sludge system fed with synthetic wastewater. The effect of different solid residence times (SRTs) and nitrification inhibitors, such as allylthiourea (ATU), was studied in order to assess which group of microorganisms plays a significant role in the degradation of oestrogens. E2 was effectively converted into oestrone (E1) under all the conditions encountered in the nitrifying activated sludge system. The degradation of E2 obeyed first-order reaction kinetics; with an increase in SRT from 12 to 20 days, the degradation rate constant, k, decreased from 2.3 h(-1) to 0.47 h(-1). The removal of EE2 did not change significantly with the addition of ATU and at different SRTs. Only about 20% of EE2 was removed from the system, which demonstrated that EE2 was more recalcitrant than natural oestrogens. The results are supported by other recent studies, which suggest that co-metabolic degradation of EE2 and E2 by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is not an important removal mechanism. The primary mechanism for E2 and EE2 degradation in activated sludge is most probably the activity of heterotrophic bacteria.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it