Dynamic Fracture Toughness of Sandstone Masonry Beams Bound with Fiber-Reinforced Mortars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports the fracture parameters of bond in stone masonry beams bound with plain and fiber-reinforced mortar. Sandstone blocks were joined together with a modern Type S mortar conforming to the Canadian standard. A companion series was examined employing a hydraulic lime mortar, typically used in the restoration of historical masonry. Based on a previous study, polypropylene microfibers were incorporated at up to 0.50% by volume to achieve superior crack growth resistance. This study evaluated the critical stress intensity factor, the critical effective crack length, and the critical crack mouth opening displacements. The masonry beams were subjected to quasi-static flexure as per ASTM and dynamic bending through a drop weight impact machine that generated stress rates up to 107 kPa/s. The study reveals that there is an improvement in the bond strength due to fibers but a difference in the fracture performance between the Type S and hydraulic lime mortars. Whereas with Type S mortar, fibers promote failure through fracture in the stone block especially under dynamic loading, in the hydraulic lime mortar fiber reinforcement moves the failure plane from the interface to within the bulk mortar.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".